同性婚姻到底是不是基本人權?
除了聯合國的"世界人權宣言"之外，對人權定義清楚的還有"歐洲人權公約"。 歐洲是最多國家承認同性婚姻的地區，在歐洲人權公約中跟同性婚姻有關的條文有第8條，第14條和第12條。
Article 8 – Right to respect for private and family life
1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
2. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
第八條
一、人人有權使他的私人和家庭生活，他的家庭和通信受到尊重。
二、公共機關不得干預上述權利的行使，但是依照法律的干預以及在民主社會中為了國家安全，公共安全或國家的經濟福利的利益，為了防止混亂或犯罪、為了保護健康或道德、或為了保護他人的權利與自由，有必要進行干預者，不在此限。
Article 12 - marriage
Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right.
第十二條
達到結婚年齡的男女有依照有關行使此權的國內法，結婚和成立家庭的權利。
Article 14 – Prohibition of discrimination
The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured
without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political
or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth
or other status.
第十四條
人人對本公約列舉的權利與自由的享受，應予保證，不得因性別、種族、膚色、語文、宗教、政治的或其他見解，民族或社會的出身、同少數民族的聯繫、財產、出生或其他地位而有所歧視。
由歐洲人權法院最近的判決中(2016/9/6)，對同性婚姻是否受到歐洲人權公約的保障有清楚的詮釋:
In today’s Chamber judgment1 in the case of Chapin and Charpentier v. France (application no. 40183/07) the European Court of Human Rights held, unanimously, that there had been:
no violation of Article 12 (right to marry) taken together with Article 14 (prohibition of
discrimination) of the European Convention on Human Rights, and
no violation of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) taken together with Article 14
of the Convention.
The case concerned the right to marry of same-sex couples.
The Court reiterated its finding in Schalk and Kopf v. Austria delivered on 24 June 2010
that neither Article 12, nor Article 8 taken together with Article 14, could be interpreted as imposing an
obligation on Contracting States to grant same-sex couples access to marriage.
The Court had reiterated that conclusion in Hämäläinen v. Finland delivered on 16 July 2014 and
Oliari and Others v. Italy delivered on 21 July 2015. Given the short period of time that had elapsed
since then, the Court did not see any reason not to reach the same conclusion in the present case.
http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=003-5407086-6765196
在
2010/6/24 Schalk and Kopf v. Austria
2014/7/16 Hamalainen v. Finland
2015/7/21 Oliari and others v. Italy
2016/9/6 Chapin and Charpentier v. France
這四次的判決中，歐洲人權法院維持一貫的立場，同性婚姻不合法的國家並沒有違反歐洲人權公約。 所以你真的還是覺得，同性婚姻是基本人權嗎? |
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